Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge the breasts and correct their shape.The operation is performed with special implants, which feel almost in no way inferior to the natural mammary glands.
what is it
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in their shape and volume, for example, as a result of childbirth or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of their shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shape, content and volume are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions can also vary.In order to avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of care.
In order for the mammary glands to look more natural after the operation, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that if they are damaged, they do not leak.
salt
Filling: physiological solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their price will be slightly lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, bumps and irregularities can form.
Installation of selected implants is a key stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on their correct placement and contact with the tissues.
With the competent actions of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By form
Specialists distinguish between round and drop-shaped implants.The first are used for mild changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By type of surface and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, breast bone structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, which leads to the replacement of the vacuum space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is dissected at the areola site.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears with time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the fold line under the breast.In terms of the inconspicuousness of the scar, this method is considered the most convenient, since the seam is located where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
Axillary
It includes incisions in the area located near the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complicated;the marks will be located in a visible place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, where several location tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- pointaccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalfunctionsand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- commonconditioncustomers;
- presence of a relativerestrictionsto the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First
Augmentation mammoplasty of the 1st degree of complexity includes periareolar access and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthetics with a vertical scar is performed;implies a medium level of intervention and injury.
third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to remove deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizebreast;
- asymmetry;
- droopingbreast or areola prolapse, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly executedplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands with gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- ageup to 18 years;
- period of infancyfeeding;
- cancer;
- mentallyabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulationblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous nodulesinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, eg rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicosedilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus at the stage of compensation.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty involves preparation.
It is important to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area, determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
Consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help to identify any restrictions on the operation.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
The patient is then referred for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes performing fluorography, radiography, electrocardiogram and ultrasound examination.
In the presence of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of the remission.
If no contraindications for surgical intervention have been established, the woman should follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
No later than a week and a half before the expected date, you should stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You will also need to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Performance technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical intervention.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
The specialist then applies general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic has taken effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.An incision of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully separated to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
The surgeon then removes the endoprosthesis and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by a shapewear that prevents the implant from shifting sideways.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbable sutures are applied to the incision, which do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a plaster over the seam and wear a corset.
Since during the first few days after the operation, the woman will be bothered by pronounced pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve the swelling, you should not take a warm shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
For 5 days you should avoid visiting sauna, bath and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Special attention should be paid to the diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include in your diet more fruits and vegetables containing iron and fortified cocktails.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous for human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in hospital conditions for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the place of the stitches - the main reason for the complications is non-observance of septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissue;
- rupture ordeflation(leaking) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous contracture type.
Any of the above consequences require immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly skilled surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision to increase the breasts with implants, you should weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will take place.